福卡斯统治下的无政府时期，成为晚期罗马帝国历史的最后一个阶段。在此阶段，古代帝国最终灭亡，而晚期罗马帝国阶段，或早期拜占廷帝国阶段也终告结束。拜占廷帝国从这场危机进入了一个完全不同的阶段，它得以抛弃垂死的政治生活遗产，吸取全新的充满生机和活力的资源。拜占廷的历史，正确地说是中世纪希腊帝国的历史由此拉开了序幕。
【注释】
[1]Cf.Moravcsik，Byzantinoturcica I，165 ff.，for a most instructive analysis of the characteristics of Byzantine sources.
[2]ed.E.Schwartz and T.Mommsen，3 vols.，Leipzig 1903-9;small edition by E.Schwartz，Leipzig 1914.Cf.also the notes by E.Schwartz，PW 6（1907），1370 ff.
[3]ed.I.A.Heikel，Leipzig 1902.H.Grégoire，B 13（1938），561 ff.，has questioned the authenticity of the Vita and thinks that at any rate the material was worked over and interpolations made at the end of the fourth century.Most scholars reject this thesis.Cf.the forceful counter-arguments by N.H.Baynes，BZ 39（1939），46 ff.；J.Vogt，‘Berichteüber Kreuzeserscheinungen aus dem 4.Jh.n.Chr.’，Mélanges Grégoire I（1949），593 ff.and Constantin der Grosse und sein Jahrhundert（1949），164 ff.；A.Piganiol，‘Sur quelques passages de la Vita Constantini’，Mélanges Grégoire Ⅱ（1950），513 ff.，and Empire Chrétien，p.xiii;H.Dorries，Das Selbstzeugnis Kaiser Konstantins，Abh.d.Akad.d.Wiss.zu Gottingen，Phil-hist Kl.，Ⅲ Folge，No.34（1954）；A.H.M.Jones，‘Notes on the Genuineness of the Constantinian Documents in Eusebius’Life of Constantine，Journ.Eccl.Hist.5（1954），196 ff.；J.Moreau，‘Zum Problem der Vita Constantini’，Historia 4（1953），234 ff.；K.Aland，‘Die religiose Haltung Kaiser Konstantins’，Studia Patristica Ⅰ（1957），549 ff.On the other hand，Grégoire’s thesis is supported by P.Orgels，‘A propos des erreurs historiques de la Vita Constantini’，Mélanges Grégoire Ⅳ（1953），575 ff.
[4]ed.C.Clark，Berlin 1910，1915.
[5]Müller，FHG Ⅳ，7-56.Cf.also Excerpta de legationibus，ed.C.de Boor（1903），591-9.
[6]Müller，FHG Ⅳ，57-68.
[7]ed.L.Mendelssohn，Leipzig 1887.
[8]Müller，FHG IV，69-100;V，24-6.Excerpta de legationibus，ed.C.de Boor（1903），121-255，575-91.
[9]Migne，PG 67，28-842.
[10]Migne，PG 67，843-1630.
[11]ed.L.Parmentier，Leipzig 1911.
[12]ed.J.Bidez and L.Parmentier，London 1898.
[13]Trans.J.M.Schonfelder，Munich 1862 and R.P.Smith，Oxford 1860.A new edition of the third and most important part of this work，with a Latin translation，is given by Brooks，Corpus Script.Christ.Or.Scriptores Syri，Series Ⅱ，t.Ⅲ.1935，1936（inaccessible to me）.Cf.the great monograph by A.P.Djakonov，Ioann Efesskij i ego cerkovno-istoriсěsfie trudy（John of Ephesus and his Ecclesiastical History），St.Petersburg，1908，and idem‘Izvestija Joanna Efesskogo i sirijskich chronik o slavjanach Ⅵ-Ⅶ vv.’，（Account of the Slavs in the sixth and seventh centuries in John of Ephesus and the syriac chronicles），Vestnik drevnej istorii 1946，Ⅰ，20 ff.
[14]Complete edition in Mansi.For the Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon there is the new critical edition by E.Schwartz，Acta conciliorum oecumenicorum vol.I，fasc.1-5（1922－30）；vol.II，fasc.1-6（1922－30）；vol.II，fasc.1-4（1933-6）。
[15]ed.J.Bidez and F.Cumont，Paris 1922，1924．
[16]ed.L.Dindorf，Leipzig 1832.
[17]ed.R.Forster，Leipzig 1903-27.
[18]Migne，PG 66，1053-1616；French translation of thewith a commentary，C.Lacombrade，Le Discours sur la Royautéde Synésios Cyrène à l’empéreur Arcadios，Paris 1951.For the work and the personality of this great rhetorician，cf.idem，Synésios de Cyrène，Hellène et Chrétien，Paris 1951.
[19]ed.J.Haury，Leipzig 1905，1906，1913.
[20]On Procopius and his writings see the detailed study by B.Rubin，Prokopios von Kaisareia，Stuttgart1954（=RE，XXII，2），in which all the earlier literature is listed.See also the bibliography in Moravcsik，Byzantinoturcica Ⅰ，496-500.
[21]ed.B.G.Niebuhr in CB.A Russian translation with a detailed introduction is given in M.V.Levcenko，Agafij.O carstrovanii Justiniana（Agathias，On the reign of Justinian），Moscow-Leningrad 1953.
[22]Müller，FHG IV，220-69.Excerpta de legationibus，ed.C.de Boor（1903），170-221，442-77．
[23]ed.C.de Boor，Leipzig 1887.Russian translation：Feofilakt Simokatta，Istorija，Moscow 1957.
[24]Unless otherwise indicated，the Bonn Corpus of Byzantine historians（CB）is used.
[25]Müller，FHG IV，535-622;V，27-38.
[26]ed.T.Mommsen and P.M.Meyer，I，1，2，Ⅱ，Berlin 1905;trans.C.Pharr，Princeton 1952.
[27]Institutiones.Digesta，ed.P.Krüger，1911;Ⅱ：Codex Justinianus，ed.P.Krüger，1906;Novellae，ed R.Scholl-G.Kroll，1912
[28]ed.O.Seeck，Berlin 1876.
[29]ed.R.Wünsch，Leipzig 1903.On the dating of the work see Stein，Bas-Empire，729 ff.，838 ff.
[30]Cf.Stein，Bas-Empire，723 ff.
[31]The only complete edition of this important work is by J.Scheffer，Upsala 1664.On the much disputed question of its date see Moravcsik，Byzantinoturcica Ⅰ，417 ff.and Vizantiski izvori Ⅰ，128.
[32]Cf.N.H.Baynes The Hellenistic Civilization and East Rome，O.U.P.1946（reprinted in Byzantine Studies，pp.I ff．）．On the hellenistic tradition of culture and education cf.the penetrating comments of R.J.H.Jenkins，Byzantium and Byzantinism.Lectures in Memory of Louise Taft Semple，The University of Cincinnati 1963，pp.8 ff.
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