这种观点似乎符合了70年代中期的政治气氛，当时，国会正试图大幅度削减美国的国防预算，并且对美国的情报工作进行前所未有的仔细审查。然而，拉姆斯菲尔德、切尼、沃尔福威茨、共和党的保守派和民主党的新保守派批驳了基辛格的悲观观点。他们都在转向一种既不同于基辛格派、也有别于民主党的麦戈文派的世界观。据此观点，美国并没有衰退；不应该小视美国的力量，也用不着对苏联做出新的妥协。
在福特年代里出现的哲学分歧一直持续到20世纪末和21世纪初。2002年，小布什政府在讨论是否入侵伊拉克时，一群共和党内的批评者告诫说，美国必须谨慎，要承认自身力量的局限性。在这些持批评态度的人中，为首的是基辛格的副手斯考克罗夫特。而军事行动的主要倡导者则是切尼、拉姆斯菲尔德和沃尔福威茨。
注释
① Richard Nixon: RN (New York: Grosset Dunlap, 1978), p.1042.
② 1996年12月6日对理查德?切尼的采访。
③ Memo to the president from Henry A. Kissinger re NSC Meeting, Saturday August 10, 1974, in National Security Adviser: NSC Meeting File, box 1, folder “NSC Meeting, August 10, 1974,” Gerald R. Ford Library.
④ Anatoly Dobrynin, In Confidence (New York: Times Books, 1995), pp.325?326.
⑤ Robert T. Hartmann, Palace Politics (New York: McGraw?Hill, 1980), p.283.
⑥ 对2001年12月13日罗伯特?T.埃尔斯沃思的采访。
⑦ “Gerald R. Ford?s Remarks on Taking the Oath of Office as President,” Gerald R. Ford Library.
⑧ Ron Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside (Chicago: Playboy Paperbacks, 1978年), p.150.
⑨ Michael Medved, The Shadow President (New York: Times Books, 1979), p.36.
⑩ Files of Jerry H. Jones, 1974—1977, box 10, Richard Cheney, Gerald R. Ford Library.
Ibid.
Cheney interview with Stephen Wayne, Hyde and Wayne collection, Gerald R. Ford Library.
Handwritten notes from Richard Cheney, May 29, 1975, in Richard Cheney Files, box 6, folder“Intelligence—New York Times Articles by Seymour Hersh (1),” Gerald R. Ford Library.
John Hersey, The President (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975), pp.120?121.
Nessen, op. cit., p.132.
John Osborne, White House Watch: The Ford Years (New York: New Republic Books, 1977), pp.142?143.
第30节：同苏联人缓和，排挤基辛格(12)
Hartmann, op. cit. pp.321?323; Nessen, op. cit., 108?9; Kissinger, Years of Renewal (New York: Simon Schuster, 1999), pp.534?535.
Nessen, op. cit., pp.112?113.
Kissinger, op. cit., pp.98?99.
Ibid., p.105.
Ibid., p.175.
Hartmann, op. cit., p.283.
Memorandum for Don Rumsfeld from Dick Cheney, July 8, 1975, in Richard Cheney files, box 10, folder “Solzhenitsyn, Alexander,” Gerald R. Ford Library.
Callaway memo to Cheney, November 3, 1975, in Callaway papers, box 5, Gerald R. Ford Library.
1996年12月11日对温斯顿?洛德的采访；Walter Isaacson, Kissinger (New York: Simon Schuster, 1992), p.671。
Osborne, op. cit., p.xxiv.
Ford, A Time To Heal (New York: Harper Row, 1979), pp.320?327.
Medved, op. cit., p.337.
Osborne, op. cit., p.11.
Ibid., pp.xxiv?xxv.
2001年12月12日对莫顿?阿布拉莫维茨的采访。
2002年6月6日对布伦特?斯考克罗夫特的采访。
2001年12月10日对弗雷德?埃克雷的采访。
Kissinger, op. cit., p.850.
Ford, op. cit., 357?358; Raymond Garthoff, Détente and Confrontation (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1985), pp.540?543.
“Implications of Recent Trends in the United States and Soviet Military Balance,” by Donald Rumsfeld, James E. Connor files, box 1, folder “Defense, Donald Rumsfeld (3),” Gerald R. Ford Library.
Memorandum of Conversation: President Ford, Dr. Henry A. Kissinger, Donald Rumsfeld and Brent Scowcroft, Oval Office, March 29, 1976, in National Security Advisor Memoranda of Conversations collection, box 18, Gerald R. Ford Library.
Teeter memo to Cheney,“Analysis of Early Research,” November 12, 1975, in Robert M. Teeter papers, box 63, Gerald R. Ford Library.切尼对哈特曼的评论见Hartmann Papers, box 120, Ford Library。
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, vol.12, pp.22,350, quoted in Garthoff, op. cit., pp.547?548.
Ford, op. cit., p.374.
Medved, op. cit., pp.337,339.
1995年12月6日对切尼的采访。
Republican platform,“Morality in Foreign Policy,” proceedings of the 1976 Republican National Convention.
Nessen, op. cit., pp.229?231: Ford, op. cit., 398; memo from Mike Duval to Dick Cheney, August 17, 1976, Gerald R. Ford Library.
见Don Oberdorfer,“Report Saw Soviet Buildup for War,” CIA Declassifies Controversial 1976 “Team B” Analysis, Washington Post, October 12, 1992, p.A11。
Jack Davis,“The Challenge of Managing Uncertainty: Paul Wolfowitz on Intellidence Policy?Relations,” Studies in Intelligence, vol.39, no.5 (1996).
见Robert Dreyfuss,“The Pentagon Muzzles the CIA” American Prospects, vol.13, issue 22 (December 16, 2002), 及Seymour M. Hersh,“Selective Intelligence,” New Yorker (May 12, 2003), p.44。
2002年7月19日对弗朗西斯?福山的采访。
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